• High and low organic carbon levels
  • In six months we removed >100 Tons of ammonia from an explosives plant lagoon with COD levels ranging from 4 to 8.
  • In a rendering plant lagoon with a COD > 400 we reduced ammonia from 200 mg/L to <2 mg/L.
  • In numerous activated sludge plants with 30 mg/L influent ammonia, we have reduced effluent ammonia levels to lower than 1 mg/L.
  • In rotating disc plants with 35 mg/L influent ammonia, we have reduced effluent ammonia levels to lower than 1 mg/L.
      
• A range of oxidation states
  • The explosives plant lagoon was anoxic when we began. DO increased to about 8 mg/L as ammonia fell.
  • The rendering and activated sludge plants were all slightly aerobic with DOs ranging from 0.5 to 2.5.
     
• A variety of metabolic pathways
  • Direct oxidation of ammonia by Archaea organisms can occur at various carbon and DO values.
  • Syntrophic enhancement of nitrification under aerobic conditions.
  • Peer reviewed literature continues to accumulate evidence that Archaea drive anaerobic ammonia oxidation.

For further informationon other topics please refer to scientific papers.